Device for modifying a linear substrate

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method for modifying an aspect of an exterior polymer material or polymer type material of a linear substrate with a fluid. The apparatus include a variable exposure gap within which the linear substrate is exposed to the fluid. The width of the exposure gap is varied with the speed of the linear substrate traversing the exposure gap to maintain a constant exposure time of the linear substrate with the modifying fluid.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/182,030, filed Nov. 6, 2018, which is a continuation of internationalapplication no. PCT/US2017/031331, filed May 8, 2017, which claimspriority to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/179,089 filed Jun. 10, 2016 andU.S. provisional application No. 62/332,777 filed May 6, 2016, theentire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention

The present specification generally relates to systems for adding one ormore actives to a preformed polymer in the form of a linear substrate.In more specific aspects, linear substrates may be hose or electrical orother wire and cable jackets or insulation.

2. Related Technology

Linear polymeric substrates commonly have coloration to distinguish anddifferentiate between neighboring substrates when placed into service orsimply for aesthetic purposes. For example, motorcycle or bicycle brakelines may be provided in a variety to colors to provide a sharpappearance. Color has previously been added to linear polymericsubstrates by compounding a color into the plastic mixture to distributethe color throughout the polymeric material. However, compounding colorinto the polymer requires color determination to be made at the time ofmanufacture and has an associated cost with maintaining a largeselection of colored material in stock to match the gauge and colorrequests from customers.

Moreover, achieving consistent color control between runs of substratecoloration has proven difficult. Two red lines from the samemanufacturer, for example, may exhibit visually distinct colors becauseof difficulty in achieving a consistent coloring between runs or atmultiple manufacturing/shipping facilities. Additionally, switching fromone color to another color has required extensive time, manual labor,and equipment cleaning. Prior systems have separate lines for each colorthat each need to be monitors or the infusion systems have had to becleaned between each color.

As such, a need exists for the ability to quickly add customer requestedcoloring and/or other physical or chemical characteristics to generic,white, or neutral-colored linear substrates at the time of customerrequest and to do so in a rapid and cost effective manner. This needextends to the ability to readily establish consistent coloring betweenruns and coloring locations and to delay product customization toimprove customer service.

SUMMARY

The following summary is provided to facilitate an understanding of someof the innovative features unique to the present disclosure and is notintended to be a full description. A full appreciation of the variousaspects of the disclosure can be gained by taking the entirespecification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.

It is a first object to provide an apparatus for the import of physicalor chemical characteristics such as color, weathering, lubricity, orother characteristic to provide on demand and rapidly tailorableproduction of linear substrates. This object is achieved by the providedlinear substrate infusion compartment for infusing one or morecomponents of an infusion fluid into a linear substrate, the linearsubstrate infusion compartment including: a processing barrel having aninfusion chamber defined therein, the processing barrel also having alinear substrate inlet into the infusion chamber and a linear substrateoutlet out of the infusion chamber, the processing barrel furtherincluding an infusion fluid inlet and an infusion fluid outlet, theinfusion fluid inlet and the infusion fluid outlet being in fluidcommunication with the infusion chamber, the infusion chamber beingdimensionally reconfigurable between different configurations. In someaspects, the different configurations of the linear substrate infusioncompartment are different configurations of length of an exposure gapdefined within the infusion chamber. The exposure gap optionally isreconfigurable from a length of zero to greater than zero. Optionally,the processing barrel is configured to expose the linear substrate tothe infusion fluid in the exposure gap when the exposure gap has alength of greater than zero and to not expose the linear substrate tothe infusion fluid when the exposure gap has a length of zero. Theexposure gap may be defined between the linear substrate inlet and thelinear substrate outlet. In some aspects, the different configurationsare different configurations in volume of the infusion chamber.Optionally, the infusion chamber is configured to be dimensionallyreconfigurable between the different configurations while the infusionfluid is contacting the linear substrate. In other words, the linearsubstrate inlet and the linear substrate outlet may be configurable tobe moveable between a plurality of relative positions while the infusionfluid is contacting the linear substrate.

The linear substrate infusion compartment optionally includes portionsof the processing barrel that are moveable relative to one another todefine the different configurations, the infusion chamber being in afirst configuration of the different configurations when the portions ofthe processing barrel are in a first relative position and the infusionchamber being in a second configuration of the different configurationswhen the portions of the processing barrel are in a second relativeposition. Optionally, the processing barrel includes an inner processingvessel and an outer processing vessel, the inner processing vessel andthe outer processing vessel forming a nested arrangement along alongitudinal length of the processing barrel, the inner processingvessel being axially moveable relative the outer processing vessel.

In some aspects, as part of a compartment, relative to one another, theinfusion fluid inlet is positioned toward one end of the processingbarrel and the infusion fluid outlet is positioned toward an opposingend of the processing barrel. Optionally, relative to one another, theinfusion fluid inlet is positioned toward the linear substrate outlet ofthe processing barrel and the infusion fluid outlet is positioned towardthe linear substrate inlet of the processing barrel. In various aspects,both the infusion fluid inlet and the infusion fluid outlet traverse awall of the outer processing vessel.

In some aspects, a linear substrate infusion compartment includes infeedseal at the linear substrate inlet, the infeed seal configured to allowa linear substrate to pass into the processing barrel whilesubstantially retaining the infusion fluid within the processing barrel.Optionally, a compartment includes a discharge seal configured to allowportions of the inner processing vessel to pass into and out of theouter processing vessel. Optionally, a linear substrate infusioncompartment includes an inner seal, the inner seal positioned in theinner processing vessel and configured to allow a linear substrate topass through the inner processing vessel and substantially retain aninfusion fluid within the processing barrel. In some aspects, a linearsubstrate infusion compartment includes an infeed seal positioned at thelinear substrate inlet and configured to allow the linear substrate topass into the processing barrel while substantially retaining the aninfusion fluid in the processing barrel, a discharge seal configured toallow portions of the inner processing vessel to pass into and out ofthe processing barrel while substantially retaining the infusion fluidwithin the processing barrel, and an inner seal positioned in the innerprocessing vessel and configured to allow the linear substrate to passthrough the inner seal while substantially retaining the infusion fluidwithin the processing barrel.

In some aspects, a substrate infusion compartment is incorporated into asystem further comprising a first fluid loop fluidically connected tothe infusion compartment at the infusion fluid inlet and the infusionfluid outlet. The first fluid loop optionally includes a first pumpconfigured for directionally moving the infusion fluid through the firstfluid loop. Optionally, a first additive source is coupled to the firstfluid loop and configured to provide a first additive to the first fluidloop, wherein the first additive is the component or forms a part of thecomponent of the infusion fluid. In some aspects, a plurality ofadditive sources are coupled to the first fluid loop, each of theplurality of additive sources being configured to respectively provideone or more additives to the first fluid loop. Optionally, a heater isprovided, the heater configured to control the temperature of theinfusion fluid within the first fluid loop to an infusion temperature.The different additives are optionally each a component or form a partof the component of the infusion fluid. In some aspects, an additive isa dye. In some aspects, an additive is a weatherability enhancer thatprovides enhanced weatherability to the linear substrate.

In some aspects, a linear substrate infusion compartment is incorporatedinto a system further including a substrate marking system positioneddownstream from the linear substrate outlet. The marking systemoptionally includes a laser.

In any aspect, a linear substrate infusion compartment, or systemincorporating a linear substrate infusion compartment optionallyexcludes an airwipe.

It is a further object to provide processes for infusing one or morecomponents of an infusion fluid into the surface, optionally, the outersurface, of a linear substrate to impart differing or enhanced physicalor chemical characteristics to the linear substrate. A process includespassing a linear substrate through an infusion compartment in a firstdirection, the infusion compartment comprising a processing barrel witha linear substrate inlet and a linear substrate outlet, an infusionchamber defined within the processing barrel and being dimensionallyreconfigurable between different configurations; and contacting thelinear substrate with the infusion fluid within the infusion chamber ofthe processing barrel while the infusion chamber is in a firstconfiguration of the different configurations, the step of contactingbeing conducted for an infusion time with the infusion fluid at aninfusion temperature, the infusion time and the infusion temperaturebeing sufficient to infuse the one or more components of the infusionfluid into at least an outer surface of the polymeric linear substrate.Optionally, the step of contacting further includes contacting thelinear substrate with the infusion fluid within the infusion chamberwhile the infusion chamber is in a second configuration that isdifferent from the first configuration. Optionally, the step ofcontacting further includes dimensionally reconfiguring the infusionchamber between the first and second configurations while the linearsubstrate is passing through the infusion chamber. In some aspects of aprocess, the infusion time is less than one minute. Optionally, thelinear substrate is at ambient temperature (optionally not heated orcooled) prior or immediately prior to the step of passing. In someaspects, the step of contacting is by flowing the infusion fluid along alength of the linear substrate in a second direction, the seconddirection substantially opposite the first direction.

In some aspects a process further includes flushing the processingbarrel with a flushing fluid, and contacting the linear substrate with asecond infusion fluid having a second component, the second componentdiffering structurally from the first component. Optionally, theflushing fluid is the second infusion fluid.

In any aspect, a process optionally excludes a solvent removal step,optionally excludes a solvent removal step using air, optionally forcedair.

A process is optionally performed using an linear substrate infusioncompartment wherein the different configurations are differentconfigurations of length of an exposure gap defined within the infusionchamber. Optionally, the contacting step includes changing the length ofthe exposure gap from zero to greater than zero. In some aspects, thecontacting step includes passing the linear substrate through theexposure gap and exposing the linear substrate to the infusion fluid inthe exposure gap. The contacting step optionally includes increasing ordecreasing the speed of the linear substrate during passing through theinfusion chamber. Optionally during the contacting step the speed of thelinear substrate is increased or decreased and optionally the length ofan exposure gap defined within the infusion chamber and traversed by thelinear substrate is respectively increased or decreased.

In a process for infusion of one or more additives into the surface,optionally, the outer surface, of a linear substrate, the linearsubstrate is or includes one of a wire, cable or hose. Optionally, thelinear substrate is white, gray or neutral in color prior to the passingstep and is a color other than white gray or neutral after thecontacting step.

A process optionally includes a step of marking the substrate after thecontacting step, the marking optionally imparting an identifyingindicia. The marking is optionally laser marking of the substrate.Optionally, the marking step includes sequentially marking the substratewith the identifying indicia beginning at zero or substantially zero.

Optionally, the contacting step and the reconfiguring step result in achange in one or more physical or chemical characteristics of the linearsubstrate. The characteristic is optionally a change in color. Thecharacteristic is optionally a change in weatherability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The aspects set forth in the drawings are illustrative and exemplary innature and not intended to limit the subject matter defined by thedescription and claims. The following detailed description of theillustrative aspects can be understood when read in conjunction with thefollowing drawings, where like structure is indicated with likereference numerals and in which:

FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic of compounded polymer;

FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic of an infused polymer, according to oneor more aspects described herein;

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic of a linear substrate infusioncompartment as part of a system, according to one or more aspectsdescribed herein;

FIG. 3A schematically depicts a linear substrate infusion compartment aspart of a system configured for infusion of a first colored dye,according to one or more aspects described herein;

FIG. 3B schematically depicts a linear substrate infusion compartment asa part of a system configured for change over from a first colored dyeto a second colored dye, according to one or more aspects describedherein;

FIG. 3C schematically depicts a linear substrate infusion compartment aspart of a system configured for infusion of a second colored dye,according to one or more aspects described herein;

FIG. 4A illustrates a linear substrate infusion compartment as part of asystem, according to one or more aspects described herein;

FIG. 4B illustrates a side view of components of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5 illustrates a linear substrate infusion compartment as part of asystem, according to one or more aspects described herein;

FIG. 6A illustrates a schematic of a cut view of a processing barrel,according to one or more aspects described herein;

FIG. 6B illustrates a processing barrel, according to one or moreaspects described herein;

FIG. 6C illustrates a processing barrel, according to one or moreaspects described herein;

FIG. 6D illustrates a processing barrel, according to one or moreaspects described herein;

FIG. 6E illustrates a processing barrel, according to one or moreaspects described herein;

FIG. 7 illustrates an infeed seal and an inner wire seal assembled in aprocessing vessel, according to one or more aspects described herein;

FIG. 8A illustrates an infeed seal, according to one or more aspectsdescribed herein;

FIG. 8B illustrates a cutaway view of FIG. 8A;

FIG. 9A illustrates an inner wire seal, according to one or more aspectsdescribed herein;

FIG. 9B illustrates a cutaway view of FIG. 9A;

FIG. 10 illustrates a discharge seal as part of processing vessel,according to one or more aspects described herein;

FIG. 11A illustrates a length adjustment assembly, according to one ormore aspects described herein;

FIG. 11B illustrates a length adjustment assembly, according to one ormore aspects described herein;

FIG. 11C illustrates a length adjustment assembly, according to one ormore aspects described herein; and

FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic of a fluid loop, according to one ormore aspects described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As described herein, various aspects of linear substrate infusioncompartments are disclosed with features or structures that promotecolor infusion into the substrate or a coating on the substrate. Thesystems provided are useful for infusion of one or more active agentsthe function to impart a physical or chemical characteristic to thepolymeric linear substrate, optionally used in forming the jacket orinsulation of electrical wire/cable, in the production of hose, or forother linear substrates.

In the following description of the various examples and components ofthis disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, whichform a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustrationvarious example structures and environments in which aspects of thedisclosure may be practiced. It is to be understood that otherstructures and environments may be utilized and that structural andfunctional modifications may be made from the specifically describedstructures and methods without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure.

The description is primarily directed to the infusion of colored dye(s)into a polymer material of a general linear substrate, and for example,electrical cable. Such is presented for illustrative and descriptivepurposes alone. The disclosure is equally applicable to other linearsubstrates such as but not limited to electrical wire or cable jackets,insulation, coverings, hose or other hollow tubing, optical cable, solidlinear substrates, sheeting or films of an elongated nature, among otheritems recognized in the art. In addition, the disclosure is equallyapplicable to infusion of additive molecules other than dyes impartingother properties to the polymer material. Illustratively, other additivemolecules suitable for infusion include but are not limited toanti-weathering agents (illustratively, a light stabilizer),anti-static, flame retardant, lubricant, antioxidant, or other additive.As such, unless otherwise indicated, infusion of a dye is equallyappreciated to describe infusion of one or more other type of additivemolecule.

Provided are apparatuses and processes for infusing an additive into alinear substrate that include immersing or otherwise contacting a linearsubstrate with an infusion fluid that includes as a component anadditive to be infused into the surface of the linear substrate. Aninfusion fluid may be predominantly aqueous, predominantly non-aqueous,or other. An infusion fluid may also include one or more solubilizers topromote solubilization of one or more additive molecules. In onespecific aspect, the additive may be a colorant, illustratively a dye.In one example, the linear substrate is optionally an electrical cableand can be a cable with insulation and jacket of a neutral color (e.g.white, off-white, or gray). The cable may also have one or more polymercoatings formed from one or more polymers.

The processes provided in this disclosure can be utilized in theaddition of additives such as colorant to previously manufactured cableor to cable during the manufacturing process in an in-line process, butafter extrusion such that color is imparted to the substrate downstreamfrom the extrusion line.

The processes and systems provided herein are optionally employed on anytype of polymeric material that is used to form a linear substrate.Illustrative examples of polymers include thermoplastics and thermosetplastics. Exemplary polymer and polymer type materials that may beimparted as provided herein include one or more of polypropylene (PP),polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT),polycarbonates (PC), polyethylene (PE), low density polyethylene (LDPE),high density polyethylene (HDPE), ultrahigh molecular weightpolyethylene (UHMWPE), cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), cross-linkedpolyolefin (XLPO), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethyl methacrylate(EMA), ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA), ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA),polystyrene (PS), impact modified polystyrene (HIPS),styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN), styrene/acrylic (S/A), styrene/maleicanhydride (SMA), poly vinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated poly vinylchloride (CPVC), styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS), styrenebutadiene styrene (SBS), thermoplastic olefin (TPO), polyolefinelastomer (POE), olefin block copolymer (OBC), polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA), PVC/acrylic blend (PVC/MA), polyester (PETG), polyacrylate(PAR), liquid crystal polyester (LCP), nylon type 6 (N6), nylon type 6,6(N6,6), nylon type 11 (N11), nylon type 12 (N12), polyphthalamide (PPA),polyamideimide (PAI), polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyacetyl,polyphenylene oxide blend (PPO), polyaryletherketone (PAEK),polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polysulfone(PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyarylsulfone (PAS), polyurethane(TPU), acrylonitrile copolymer (ANC), polylactic acid (PLA), nylon, PETcopolymers, acrylics, ethlylene (meth)acrylic acid (commerciallyavailable under the trade name Surlyn™ from DuPont), polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyoxymethylene(POM), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyamides illustratively highperformance polyamides (PPA), polycarbonate co-polymers, polyimides,elastomeric polymers illustratively thermoplastic elastomers (TPE),urethanes, polyurethanes, acrylic such as poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), polyarylsulfone, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS),polyphenylene sulfides (PPS), polyether ether ketones (PEEK), liquidcrystal polymer (LCP), or other polymers. In particular aspects, thepolymer to be modified is or includes PET, PC, and nylon, among others.

Processes of infusing a polymer, optionally a polymer used on electricalwire or cable include forming an infused polymer material optionally by:providing a polymer material in solid form; mixing, immersing, orcoating the polymer material with an infusion fluid at an infusiontemperature optionally below the melting temperature of the polymer foran infusion time, the infusion fluid comprising one or more additivematerials and one or more infusion agents, the one or more additivematerials imparting one or more improved physical or chemicalcharacteristics to the polymer illustratively color change,weatherability, anti-static, lubricity, or other characteristic to thepolymer relative to a polymer material that is not infused with the oneor more additive materials, the one or more infusion agents operable topromote penetration of the additive material into the surface of thepolymer material; and infusing the additive material into the polymermaterial by said mixing, immersing, or coating step thereby forming aninfused polymer material.

With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, infused polymer material provides amore intense or dense additive concentration while utilizing lessadditive material overall. Specifically, FIG. 1A illustrates a polymerwhere the additive, such as dye, is compounded as part of the polymerformulation according to prior methods. When compounding the additive aspart of the polymer formulation the concentration of the additive isconsistent throughout the material. Conversely, infusion, as illustratedin FIG. 2B, focuses the additive near the surface of the polymermaterial. Limiting the additive near the surface of the polymer materialallows a higher concentration of additive while using a fraction of thetotal additive. This allows for more intense coloration of polymerswhile using less total dye. In some aspects, an infusion technique mayprovide 10 times the concentration of the additive while utilizing only⅓ of the total additive when coloring a ⅛^(th) inch thick piece comparedto traditional compounding techniques.

A process includes infusing an additive into a linear substrate orportion thereof at an infusion temperature. An infusion temperature isoptionally below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer ofthe polymeric linear substrate, optionally below the melting temperatureof the polymer. In some aspects, the infusion temperature is above theTg. Optionally, the infusion temperature is at or above the Tg and belowthe melting temperature. In some aspects, an infusion temperature isfrom 60 degrees Celsius to 98 degrees Celsius, optionally 81 degreesCelsius to 91 degrees Celsius.

A polymer linear substrate is infused for an infusion time. An infusiontime is optionally 1 minute or less, optionally at or between 0.01second to 1 minute. During the infusion time, the additive materialfollowing infusion optionally penetrates the polymer linear substrate toa depth of less than 2 millimeters, optionally to less than 1millimeter. In some aspects, an additive material is infused to a finaldepth of less than 200 microns.

In some aspects, the polymer linear substrate is preheated to theinfusion temperature prior to contact with an infusion fluid and/or dyematerial. Optionally, the infusion fluid and/or additive material isheated to the infusion temperature. Optionally, an unheated (cooled orsubstantially room temperature) polymer linear substrate is immersed,mixed, or otherwise contacted with a heated infusion fluid. Optionally,a polymer linear substrate is not heated above ambient (e.g. room)temperature, optionally not heated above 25° C. Optionally, a polymerlinear substrate is cooled to a temperature of 25° C. or less priorcontacting an infusion fluid.

In some aspects, a polymer material forming a polymer linear substrateis contacted with an infusion fluid including one or more infusionagents and one or more additive materials. An infusion agent is achemical composition operable to promote penetration of an additivematerial into the surface of a polymer. An infusion fluid is optionallyan aqueous solution, or a solution of one or more organic solvents orsolutes. An infusion fluid is optionally entirely formed of an infusionagent and an additive. In some aspects, an infusion fluid includeswater, an infusion agent, and optionally one or more solubilizationpromoters. A solubilization promoter is illustratively one moresurfactants or emulsifiers. An infusion fluid includes one or moreadditives for imparting physical or chemical characteristics to thepolymer. Accordingly, in some aspects, the infusion fluid may be aliquid.

In some aspects, an additive material to be infused into a polymer is adye. A dye used to form a colored polymer according to particularaspects is a stable dye or an unstable dye. In some aspects, a dye is anunstable dye, optionally an unstable acid dye. An “unstable dye” asdefined herein is a dye that is chemically or structurally alterable byexposure to heat, light energy, or both. Several such dyes are known inthe art. An unstable dye optionally includes azo type dyes orunstabilized quinone dyes. Illustrative examples of acid unstable dyesinclude Acid Blue #60, Acid Red #151, Acid Black #2, Acid Yellow #23,and Acid Violet #17. Optionally, a dye is a static dye. As used herein,the term “static dye” means a dye that does not substantially changecolor upon exposure to (or being shielded from) ultraviolet (UV) light.

Static dyes are optionally fabric dyes and disperse dyes as well as dyesthat are known in the art as being suitable for tinting plasticarticles, such as PVC or polyamide articles. Examples of suitabledisperse dyes include, but are not limited to, Disperse Blue #3,Disperse Blue #14, Disperse Yellow #3, Disperse Red #13 and Disperse Red#17. The classification and designation of the static dyes are recitedherein in accordance with “The Colour Index”, 3^(rd) edition publishedjointly by the Society of Dyes and Colors and the American Associationof Textile Chemists and Colorists (1971). The term static dye as usedherein optionally includes mixtures of static dyes.

Illustrative examples of static dyes include the water-insoluble azo,diphenylamine and anthraquinone compounds. Illustrative examples includeacetate dyes, dispersed acetate dyes, dispersion dyes and dispersoldyes, such as are disclosed in Colour Index, 3^(rd) edition, vol. 2, TheSociety of Dyers and Colourists, 1971, pp. 2479 and pp. 2187-2743,respectively. Specific examples of dispersal dyes include Solvent Blue59 (9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-bis(ethylamino)-), Solvent Red 111(9,10-Anthracenedione, 1-(methylamino)-), Solvent Yellow 160:1(3-(5-Chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one),Disperse Orange 47 (1H-Indole-5-carboxylicacid,2-[2-(1,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4H-pyrazol-4-ylidene)ethylidene]-2,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-methylester), Disperse Yellow 3 (Acetamide,N-[4-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl]-), Solvent Violet 26(1,4-Diamino-2,3-diphenoxyanthraquinone), and Disperse Red 1(4-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethylamino]-4′-nitroazobenzene). Other dyes areillustratively those additional dyes found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,175,675and references cited therein.

In other aspects, an additive material is a weatherability enhancer,sometimes referred to herein as an anti-weathering agent. As usedherein, the term “weatherability enhancer” is a material that promotesimproved weatherability to the polymer. For example, light stabilizerspromote improved UV or other light weatherability to the polymer. Asused herein, the term “light stabilizer” is meant to include moleculesthat have functionality of absorbing UV light, or scavenging freeradicals. A UV absorber absorbs UV light by changing the energy to heatthat is dissipated through the material. A radical scavenger lightstabilizer (e.g., a sterically hindered amine light scavenger (HAL S))chemically reacts with a free radical. A light stabilizer as used hereinis optionally a UV absorber, a radical scavenger, or both. Optionally, alight stabilizer is not a radical scavenger.

A UV absorber absorbs UV light and changes the energy to heat that isdissipated through the material. Illustrative examples of UV absorbersinclude a benzophenone, a benzotriazole, a hydrozyphenyltriazine, anoxalic anilide, or a combination thereof. Additional examples of UVabsorbers are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,163, and U.S. PatentApplication Publication No: 2009/0258978. Some aspects of the inventioninclude the UV absorber TINUVIN 384-2 that is a mixture of C₇₋₉ ester of[3-2h-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)]-propionicacid (herein tinuvin 384-2), TINUVIN 1130 (methyl3-[3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate)(herein tinuvin 1130), or UV416 (2-(4-Benzoyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)ethylacrylate).

A radical scavenger light stabilizer (e.g., a sterically hindered aminelight scavenger (HALS)) chemically reacts with a free radical. Examplesof a HALS include the ester derivatives of a decanedioic acid, such as aHALS I [bis(1,2,2,6,6,-pentamethyl-4-poperidinyl)ester] and/or a HALS II[bis(2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-isooctyloxy-4-piperidinyl)ester].

A light stabilizer, when present is optionally provided at aconcentration of 0.01 weight % to 1.2 weight % or any value or rangetherebetween, optionally 0.15 weight % to 0.3 weight %.

In some aspects, an additive is an anti-static agent. An anti-staticagent serves to attract moisture from the air creating a polymer withmore surface conductivity thereby dissipating static charges. Ananti-static agent is optionally one or more of amines, quaternaryammonium compounds, organic phosphates, and polyethylene glycol esters.In some aspects, an anti-static agent isstearamidopropyldimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium nitrate (CYASTAT SN fromCytec Indus. Inc., Woodland Park, N.J.).

In some aspects, an additive is an antioxidant. It is common for polymermaterials to degrade by chemical reactions with oxygen that break thepolymer bonds, often to a point where the material becomes physicallyweak. An antioxidant may work to stop or terminate the oxidativereactions, or may function to neutralize reactive materials that lead toadditional cycles of oxidation. Known antioxidants may be infused into apolymer as an additive. Optionally, an antioxidant is phenolic, amine,phosphite, thioester, or any combination thereof.

An additive is optionally added to an infusion fluid in the form of dryparticles with a maximum linear dimension, optionally diameter. Aparticle maximum linear dimension is optionally 500 micrometers (μm). Insome aspects, a reduced maximum particle linear dimension is used.Optionally, a maximum linear particle dimension is 100 μm, optionally 10μm, optionally 1 μm, optionally 500 nanometers (nm), optionally 100 nm.A maximum linear particle dimension is optionally 1 μm or less. Amaximum linear particle dimension is optionally from 100 nm to 1 μm,optionally 100 nm to 500 nm. When particles of additive are supplied inlarger form, the particle size is reduced by methods known in the art,illustratively by subjecting the particles to grinding, milling, orother process. Optionally, particles are subjected to ball milling.

An infused polymer is optionally formed by employing infusion techniquesfrom any of several processes. In some aspects, an infused polymer isformed by employing infusing techniques as described in U.S. Pat. Nos.6,733,543; 6,749,646; 6,929,666; 6,949,127; 6,994,735; 7,094,263;7,175,675; 7,504,054; 7,921,680; or 8,206,463. In some aspects, aninfused polymer is formed by employing infusing techniques as describedin: U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos.: 2008/0067124;2009/0297829; 2009/0297830; or 2009/0089942.

An infusion agent is optionally an oxidizing agent, a free radicalprecursor, or a compound having the formula of Formula I:

R¹—[(O(CH₂)_(m))_(n)—]OR²  (I)

wherein R² and Ware each independently H or a C₁₋₁₈ alkyl, benzyl,benzoyl, or phenyl; n is 1, 2 or 3; and m is any value from 1 to 35. Insome aspects, m is 1 to 12. In some aspects, m is 1. Optionally, R¹denotes H. Optionally, le denotes butyl and R² denotes H. An aromatic R¹or R² group of Formula I is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groupsselected from halo groups (e.g., chloro, bromo and fluoro), linear orbranched C₁-C₉ alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl,hexyl, heptyl, octyl and nonyl), and aromatic groups (e.g., phenyl).

Specific examples of an infusion agent according to Formula I include2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol,2-isopropoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-phenoxyethanol,2-benzyloxyethanol, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol,2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, dimethoxyethane,diethoxyethane, and dibutoxyethane, ethylene glycol butyl ether,diethylene glycol ethylether, diethylene glycol butylether, propyleneglycol propylether, dipropylene glycol propyl ether and tripropyleneglycol propylether, or combinations thereof.

The infusion agent is typically present in the infusion fluid in anamount of less than or equal to 30 percent by weight, optionally lessthan or equal to 25 percent by weight, optionally less than or equal to20 percent by weight. The infusion agent is optionally present in thesolution in an amount of at least 10 percent by weight, optionally atleast 15 percent by weight, optionally at least 17 percent by weight.The infusion agent may be present in the solution in an amount rangingfrom 10 to 30 percent by weight or any value or range therebetween. Forexample, the infusion agent is optionally present in the solution in anamount from 10 to 30 percent by weight, optionally from 15 to 25 percentby weight, optionally in an amount of from 17 to 20 percent by weight.The percent weights being based on the total weight of the infusionfluid.

An infusion fluid optionally includes one or more infusion agents.Optionally, an infusion fluid includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or moreinfusion agents. In some aspects, when more than one infusion agent ispresent in an infusion fluid, there may be infusion agents of more thanone type. In some aspects, a first infusion agent is an agent of FormulaI, and a second infusion agent is a diol of Formula II:

H—[(O(CH₂)_(m))_(n)—]OH  (II)

wherein n is 1, 2 or 3; and m is any value from 1 to 35. In someaspects, m is 1 to 12. In some aspects, m is any value from 2 to 4.Optionally, m is any value from 2 to 4 and n is 1, 2, or 3. Illustrativeagents of Formula II include diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and1,4 butanediol.

An infusion agent is optionally present in an infusion fluid at aconcentration of 2.5 to 20, optionally 5 to 12.5, optionally 7.5 to 10pbw, or any range of values therebetween. A second infusion agent isoptionally present in an amount identical to a first infusion agent.Optionally, a second infusion agent is present in an amount of 5 to 30,preferably 10 to 25, most preferably 15 to 20 pbw, or any range ofvalues therebetween.

An infusion fluid optionally includes one or more emulsifiers.Illustrative examples of an emulsifier include ionic or non-ionicemulsifiers, or mixtures thereof. Illustrative examples of an anionicemulsifier include: amine salts or alkali salts of carboxylic, sulfamicor phosphoric acids, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laurylsulfate, lignosulfonic acid salts, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid(EDTA) sodium salts, and acid salts of amines, such as, laurylaminehydrochloride or poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-sulfo-omega-hydroxy etherwith phenol 1-(methylphenyl)ethyl derivative ammonium salts. Anemulsifier is optionally an amphoteric emulsifier illustratively: laurylsulfobetaine; dihydroxy ethylalkyl betaine; amido betaine based oncoconut acids; disodium N-lauryl amino propionate; or the sodium saltsof dicarboxylic acid coconut derivatives. Typical non-ionic emulsifiersinclude ethoxylated or propoxylated alkyl or aryl phenolic compounds,such as octylphenoxypolyethyleneoxyethanol. A specific emulsifier usedis diethylene glycol.

An emulsifier is optionally present in an infusion fluid in an amountfrom 0 to 15 weight percent, optionally 7 to 15 weight percent,optionally 10 to 15 weight percent, optionally 0.5 to 5 weight percent,optionally 3 to 4 weight percent, or any range of values therebetween.

An infusion fluid optionally includes one or more surfactants.

An infusion fluid is optionally at ambient temperature (approximately25° C.) or heated above ambient temperature. In some aspects, aninfusion process includes heating a polymer alone or in the presence ofan infusion fluid where heating is to a temperature below the meltingtemperature of the polymer material. Optionally, an infusion fluid ispreheated or heated prior to or in the presence of a polymer, optionallyto any infusion temperature less than 100° C.

The systems described herein may be used to infuse an additive into alinear polymer substrate by a process that may include infusing apolymer at an infusion temperature. The infusion temperature isoptionally below the melting temperature of the polymer material. Aninfusion temperature is the temperature of the polymer material duringthe infusion process. In some aspects, an infusion temperature is at orabove the glass transition temperature (Tg). Optionally, an infusiontemperature is at or above the Tg and below the melting temperature. Foramorphous polymer materials without true melting points, an infusiontemperature is above the Tg but is not so high that the article shape isaffected. Optionally, an infusion temperature is between 81° C. and 91°C. Illustratively, for a polyamide polymer material an infusiontemperature may be 90° C. to 99° C. Illustratively, for a PVC polymermaterial an infusion temperature may be 75° C. to 90° C. It isappreciated that polymers that may have a lower heat distortiontemperature may be infused at a lower temperature. As one example, aninfusion temperature of a polyurethane may be about 60° C. An infusiontime is optionally less than 1 minute, optionally from 0.01 second to 1minute, or any value or range therebetween.

The infused polymer is optionally formed by immersing a polymer materialin an infusion fluid for an infusion time where the immersing, mixing orotherwise contacting the polymer material with an infusion fluid in anelement of an infusion system as provide herein. In some aspects,spraying an infusion fluid on a polymer is excluded. An infusion time isoptionally any time from <1 second to 120 minutes, or more. In someaspects, an infusion time is optionally from <1 second to 30 minutes,optionally from <1 second to 20 minutes, optionally from 1 second to 10minutes, optionally from 1 second to 1 minute, optionally from 5 secondsto 1 minute, optionally from 5 seconds to 30 seconds, optionally from 10seconds to 20 seconds, optionally 2 seconds to 10 seconds, optionally 3seconds to 6 seconds, or any range of values therebetween. An infusiontime is optionally 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,40, 45, 50, 55 or 60 milliseconds. An infusion time is optionally 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 seconds. An infusion time isoptionally any range formed by the bounds of the explicitly disclosedvalues, for example, 15 milliseconds to 20 seconds.

A polymer is optionally colored in a system substantially as depicted inthe figures or otherwise described herein. FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, and 3Cdepicts an example linear substrate infusion compartment as part of asystem. It is noted that FIGS. 2 and 3 do not illustrate all componentsof the linear substrate infusion compartment as part of a system withfluid piping, controllers, and valves, for example, omitted. Instead,FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, and 3C provide a generalized overview of an examplelinear substrate infusion compartment as part of a system.

FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate a schematic layout of theinterconnectivity of an exemplary linear substrate infusion system 10. Ageneralized linear substrate infusion system 10 configured for twoinfusion options includes a first dye supply 20 for providing a firstcolored dye (or other additive) and optionally a second dye supply 30for providing a second colored dye (or other additive). The first dyesupply 20 and the second dye supply 30 are attached to a first processtank 22 and a second process tank 32 respectively. The process tanks 22,32 provide a reservoir of colored dye for circulation through the linearsubstrate infusion system 10. The first process tank 22 and the secondprocess tank 32 each are fluidly connected to an infusion compartment40. The infusion compartment 40 contacts the desired color dye with thelinear substrate. Upon exiting the infusion compartment 40 the coloreddye is returned to the first process tank 22 or the second process tank32 for the respective color from which the colored dye originated.Propulsion of the first colored dye and the second colored dye isprovided by a first dye pump 24 and a second dye pump 34 respectively.

Throughout this disclosure the linear substrate infusion system 10 isreferenced as having a first colored dye and a second colored dye.Limitation of discussion to two colored dyes is for ease of discussionand simplicity. It will be appreciated that aspects of the linearsubstrate infusion system 10 may include 3 or more colored dyes byreplicating the associated systems of the first or second colored dyefor each additional colored dye added to the linear substrate infusionsystem 10. Further, while the description is primarily directed to theinfusion of colored dye(s) such is presented for illustrative anddescriptive purposes alone. The disclosure is equally applicable toinfusion of other additive molecules with coloring or imparting otherproperties to the polymer material. Illustratively, other additivematerials suitable for infusion, as discussed supra, include, but arenot limited to, anti-weathering agents (illustratively, a lightstabilizer), anti-static, flame retardant, lubricant, antioxidant, orother additive molecule. As such, unless otherwise indicated, infusionof a dye is equally appreciated to describe infusion of one or moreother types of additive materials.

The linear substrate infusion system 10 is unique in providing theability to change the color and/or additive infused in the linearsubstrate during processing of the linear substrate. Specifically, thelinear substrate infusion system 10 may be converted from creating afirst color linear substrate to creating a second color linear substratewhile the system is operating (for example, a red linear substrate andthen a blue linear substrate). There is no requirement to terminate thelinear substrate coloring operation, clean the equipment, and re-feedthe linear substrate into the equipment when a color change is desired.A single run of linear substrate, from a pre-manufactured spool or asthe output of a linear substrate forming line, may have the colorchanged from red to blue, for example, without stopping the processingline. For example, linear substrate may be provided from an extruder ata constant speed of 150 feet per minute (fpm) based on the operatingspeed of the extruder. With a conversion of the linear substrateinfusion system 10 from the first color to the second color beingcompleted in 30 seconds to 2 minutes, a mere 75 feet to 300 feet ofscrap linear substrate may be generated during the color conversion. Ifthe speed of the extruder or feed from a spool of linear substrate isreduced during the color conversion the total length of scrap may bereduced.

In one or more aspects, the first process tank 22 and the second processtank 32 are connected to respective heating loops. The heating loopsraise the temperature of the first colored dye and the second coloreddye to the desired set point for introduction to the infusioncompartment 40 and coloring of the linear substrate. Each heating loopmay comprise an in-line heater to raise the temperature of the firstcolored dye or the second colored dye respectively during passage of thefirst colored dye or the second colored dye through the heating loop. Infurther aspects, the heating loops are approximately 3 feet in lengthand it will be appreciated that the length of the heating loop inpractice may be adjusted to account for flow rates of colored dyes, theefficiency of the heater(s), and other process restraints. In furtheraspects, flow through the heating loops is maintained at approximately35 gallons per minute (gpm) with an 8 kilowatt (kW) heater. It will beappreciated that flow rates of 10 gpm, 20 gpm, 40 gpm, 80 gpm, andbeyond, and any range of values therebetween, for example, may beutilized as the power of the heater and desired temperature rise of thecolored dyes changes.

In one or more aspects, the first process tank 22 and the second processtank 32 are heated tanks. In further aspects, the first process tank 22and the second process tank 32 each comprise an agitator or mixer tomaintain a uniform temperature and mixture throughout the colored dyewithin the first process tank 22 or the second process tank 32.

In further aspects, a filter may be included in the heating loop and/orbetween the heating loop and infusion compartment 40 and/or between theinfusion compartment 40 and the process tank 22, 32. The filter servesto filter and remove deposits or foreign particles that enter thecolored dye during the coloring operation. For example, flaking orparticles from a nylon wire jacket may be removed by the filter. Infurther aspects, the filters are 316 stainless steel bag filters oftrade size 3.

The heating loop allows circulation of the colored dye when not beingprovided to the infusion compartment 40. The heating loop for the firstcolored dye includes a first colored dye diverter valve 26 and theheating loop for the second colored dye includes a second colored dyediverter valve 36. The first colored dye diverter valve 26 and thesecond colored dye diverter valve 36 direct the colored dye on arecirculation pathway in the heating loop when in a first position anddirect the colored dye away from the heating loop to the infusioncompartment 40 when in a second position.

Referring to FIG. 2, a linear substrate infusion system may include asubstrate delivery mechanism 23 to remove a linear substrate from a reelor other source. A substrate delivery mechanism may be a capstan orother system suitable for such needs. The substrate delivery mechanismmay serve to regulate the rate of linear substrate entry into theinfusion compartment 40. Also upstream of an infusion compartment 40, aninfusion system may include a gauge 27 for determining the diameter ofthe linear substrate. Upon exit from the infusion compartment 40, alinear substrate may pass through one or more a rinsing stations 19 thatmay include a compartment through which the linear substrate passes ormay simply be a location in which the linear substrate is subjected to arinsing fluid. The rinsing fluid is optionally cycled and optionallyfiltered such that clean rinsing fluid may be contacted to the linearsubstrate. In some aspects, a substrate pull out mechanism 29 is presentto guide linear substrate toward a storage location following infusion.Optional aspects for post infusion processing and quality control mayinclude a device for measuring linear substrate speed and/or measuringand recording the amount of linear substrate that has been infused, aquality control device for monitoring the quality of the infusionprocess, optionally optically, electrically, or by other methoddepending on the type of additive(s) infused into the substrate, andoptionally a marking device such as a laser, printer, or other devicefor imparting markings on the surface of the linear substrate followinginfusion. A cutter may be provided to terminate a length of linearsubstrate such as when a storage location is full, an ordered orotherwise desired amount of linear substrate has been infused, or other.

Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C which illustrate a schematic layout ofvarious aspects of a generalized linear substrate infusion system 10,the linear substrate infusion system 10 comprises a solvent loop 50. Thesolvent loop 50 is fluidly connected to the infusion compartment 40. Thesolvent loop 50 provides clean solvent to flush the infusion compartment40 when changing from one colored dye to a different colored dye.Flushing the infusion compartment 40 prevents improper coloration of thewire and contamination of the colored dyes in the first process tank 22and the second process tank 32. The solvent loop 50 includes a solventrecovery tank 52, a filter system 54, a clean solvent tank 56, and atleast one supply pump 58.

The solvent recovery tank 52 is fluidly connected to an outlet of theinfusion compartment 40. Solvent, having passed through the infusioncompartment 40, is recovered in the solvent recovery tank 52 for furtherprocessing and cleaning. Optionally, the solvent recovery tank 52 is 60gallons. It will be appreciated that the solvent recovery tank 52 may beany of various sizes scaled according to the overall process size andsolvent volume within the process. In aspects, the solvent recovery tank52 is stainless steel, for example, 316 stainless steel.

The filter system 54, as a subcomponent of the solvent loop 50, removescolored dye and other contaminants from the spent solvent in the solventrecovery tank 52. In one or more aspects, the filter system 54 comprisesa bag filter 154 and a carbon filter 254 fluidly connected to thesolvent recovery tank 52. The bag filter 154 functions to remove solidor particulate materials from the spent solvent. Similarly, the carbonfilter 254 functions to remove residual dissolved colored dye from thespent solvent. In aspects, the bag filter 154 is a 5 micrometer (μm)filter bag. In further aspects, the carbon filter 254 is a wastewaterreclaim carbon filter. The filter system 54 may also comprise a filterpump 354 to provide a head pressure for transit of the spent solventthrough the bag filter 154 and/or carbon filter 254.

Passage of the spent solvent through the filter system 54 returns thesolvent to a clean state. The cleaned solvent is conveyed to the cleansolvent tank 56 which is fluidly connected to the filter system 54. Theclean solvent tank 56 serves as a reservoir of solvent to be provided tothe infusion compartment 40 during transitions from one colored dye to adifferent colored dye. In at least one aspect, the clean solvent tank 56is 60 gallons. It will be appreciated that the clean solvent tank 56 maybe any of various sizes scaled according to the overall process size andsolvent volume within the process. In aspects, the clean solvent tank 56is stainless steel, for example, 316 stainless steel. The clean solventtank 56 may optionally mirror the volume of the solvent recovery tank52.

The clean solvent tank 56 is fluidly connected to an inlet of theinfusion compartment 40. To convey the clean solvent from the cleansolvent tank 56 to the infusion compartment 40, the at least one supplypump 58 is provided. The supply pump 58 provides motive force to conveythe solvent to the infusion compartment 40, through the infusioncompartment 40, and to the solvent recovery tank 52.

Further, the solvent loop 50 may include a solvent heater to raise thetemperature of the solvent to the desired set point for introduction tothe infusion compartment 40. In one or more aspects, an inline heater isprovided between the clean solvent tank 56 and the infusion compartment40 to heat the solvent in an on-demand fashion. The inline heater mayhave a power of approximately 8 kW to approximately 15 kW. The inlineheater may optionally also have a power of 5 kw to 25 kw, 5 kw to 15 kW,8 kW to 20 kw, or 1 kW to 50 kW, for example. In further aspects, animmersion heater is provided within the clean solvent tank 56 to heatand hold the bulk clean solvent within the clean solvent tank 56. Infurther aspects, a band heater is provided within the clean solvent tank56 to heat and hold the bulk clean solvent within the clean solvent tank56.

With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, an aspect of the infusion compartment40 is illustrated for a single color system. The infusion compartment 40includes a catch basin 42 and a processing barrel 44 where the infusioncompartment may rest above or within the processing barrel. The catchbasin 42 includes a drain in fluid communication with a colored dyereservoir (first process tank 22, second process tank 32). Theprocessing barrel 44 includes an outer wall having opposing ends and aninfusion chamber 102 defined therein. The processing barrel 44 furtherincludes an infusion fluid inlet 132 and an infusion fluid outlet 134 aswell as a linear substrate inlet 135 defining an inlet opening into theinfusion chamber 102 coincident with the infusion fluid outlet 134 and alinear substrate outlet 136 defining an outlet opening out of theinfusion chamber 102 and positioned at the opposite end of theprocessing barrel 44 as the linear substrate inlet. As shown in FIG. 4,the linear substrate outlet 136 defining an outlet opening out of theinfusion chamber 102 and positioned at the opposite end of theprocessing barrel 44 as the linear substrate inlet. As shown in FIG. 4A,the linear substrate inlet 135 and the linear substrate outlet 136 arecoupled to the outer wall and may be moveably connected with respect toeach other, and at least one of the linear substrate inlet 135 and thelinear substrate outlet 136 are located between opposing ends of theouter wall.

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, relative to one another, the infusion fluidinlet 132 is positioned closer to the linear substrate outlet 136 of theprocessing barrel and the infusion fluid outlet 134 is positioned closerto the linear substrate inlet 135 of the processing barrel. Theprocessing barrel 44 has a hollow shaft configured to allow passage in afirst direction of a linear substrate and flow of an infusion fluid in asecond counterflow direction substantially opposite the first direction.The counterflow is essential in some aspects. In other aspectscoincident flow is used (flow in the same direction as linear substratetravel). In some aspects, the processing barrel 44 is split along itslength to form two hinged pieces in a clamshell arrangement. Theclamshell arrangement eases feeding and insertion of the linearsubstrate into the processing barrel 44.

As used throughout the description of the various aspects, the term“processing barrel” or “barrel” is not intended to be interpreted asrequiring any particular cross-sectional or outward shape. Accordingly,the radial cross-sectional shape of the various aspects of theprocessing barrel, may be, without limitation, circular, round, rounded,elliptical, oval, or polygonal. Similarly, the longitudinalcross-sectional and/or outward shape of the aspects of the processingbarrel may be, without limitation, outwardly bowed, inwardly bowed,curved, straight, cylindrical or non-cylindrical.

The colored dye reservoir is in fluid communication with the infusionfluid inlet 132 on the processing barrel 44 and feeds colored dye to theprocessing barrel 44 and more specifically to the hollow center of theprocessing barrel 44. In an aspect, the processing barrel 44 is 7 feetin length and the infusion fluid inlet 132 is positioned 5 feet from theinfusion fluid outlet 134. Further, the hollow center in at least oneaspect is optionally approximately 1.5″ in diameter to allow passage ofa linear substrate therethrough. This arrangement positions the infusionfluid inlet 132 approximately 2 feet from the linear substrate outlet.The processing barrel 44 is optionally positioned with a tilt to allowthe infusion fluid to drain by gravity. In an aspect, the processingbarrel 44 is positioned at an approximately 3° angle with the infusionfluid outlet 134 lower than the infusion fluid inlet 132. In operation,colored dye and/or other additives (infusion fluid) are provided to theinfusion fluid inlet 132 in the infusion fluid while linear substrate ispassed through the processing barrel 44 from the linear substrate inletto the linear substrate outlet. Optionally, gravity results in thecolored dye flowing toward the infusion fluid outlet 134 and draininginto the catch basin 42 for recycling back to the colored dye reservoir.In some aspects, colored dye is dragged upstream toward the linearsubstrate outlet by the counterflow travel of the linear substrate suchthat colored dye is also drained from the linear substrate outlet of theprocessing barrel 44.

With reference to FIG. 5, in many aspects, the infusion compartment 40comprises an adjustable length infusion cell (ALIC) 100. The adjustablelength infusion cell 100 comprises the processing barrel 44 and a lengthadjustment assembly 110. The length adjustment assembly 110 functions toeffect an adjustment in the length of the processing barrel 44.

In some aspects, the processing barrel 44 has an adjustable length.Adjusting the length of the processing barrel 44 allows the linearsubstrate to be exposed to the infusion fluid for varying lengths oftime. As previously indicated, the longer the linear substrate isexposed to the infusion fluid and the dissolved colored dye in theinfusion fluid, the more the dye (or other additive) in the infusionfluid transfers to the linear substrate. Increasing the length of theprocessing barrel 44 increases the exposure time of the linear substrateto the infusion fluid and results in more dye uptake and a more intensecolor during processing. Additionally, for a given linear substratespeed, adjusting the length of the processing barrel 44 providesfunctionality to adjust the residence time of the linear substrate incontact with the infusion fluid based on the uptake rate of the specificmaterial of the linear substrate.

With reference to FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, and 6D the processing barrel 44 withan adjustable length includes an inner processing vessel 120 and anouter processing vessel 130 which may include the outer wall of theprocessing barrel. The inner processing vessel 120 is axially moveableand nested within the outer processing vessel 130 with at least aportion of the infusion chamber defined therebetween. The moveablynested arrangement allows an exposure gap to extend and contract inlength as the inner processing vessel 120 and the outer processingvessel 130 slide relative to each other in a longitudinal direction. Theprocessing barrel 44 further includes an infusion fluid inlet 132 and aninfusion fluid outlet 134 as well as an infeed seal 140, an inner seal150, and a discharge seal 170. In some aspects, the linear substrateinlet and the linear substrate outlet include seals. For example, asdepicted in FIG. 6A, the linear substrate inlet 135 may include theinfeed seal 140 and the linear substrate outlet 136 may include theinner seal 150. The exposure gap is defined by the length within theinfusion chamber between the linear substrate inlet 135 and the linearsubstrate outlet 136.

As shown in FIGS. 6A-6E, the linear substrate inlet 135 and the linearsubstrate outlet 136 are movable between a plurality of relativepositions, each defining a different length of the exposure gap. Inother words, the exposure gap is adjustable from a length of zero togreater than zero. A exposure gap is optionally adjustable from zero tothe length of an outer processing vessel 130 between the discharge seal170 and the infeed seal 140 or any length therebetween, being optionallyincrementally adjustable or infinitely adjustable.

For example, in a first relative position, one of the linear substrateinlet 135 and the linear substrate outlet 136 are located betweenopposing ends of the outer wall, and the exposure gap has a length thatis greater than zero, as depicted in FIG. 6A. The linear substrate inlet135 and the linear substrate outlet 136 are coupled to the wall of theouter processing vessel 130 and are movably connected with respect toeach other. Specifically, the linear substrate outlet 136 is coupled tothe wall of the outer processing vessel 130 through the inner processingvessel 120 and the discharge seal 170. As depicted in FIG. 6A, theexposure gap is in fluid communication with the infusion chamber.However, in a second relative position one of the linear substrate inlet135 and the linear substrate outlet 136 is in a different position thanin the first relative position, and the exposure gap has a length thatis different from the first length. For example, in the aspect depictedin FIG. 6A, the inner processing vessel 120 may be moved within theouter processing vessel 130 such that the infeed seal 140 and the innerseal 150 are in contact with one another. In such a configuration theexposure gap has a length of zero and the exposure gap is not in fluidcommunication with the infusion chamber.

In some aspects, the length of the exposure gap in the second relativeposition is less than about 50% of the length of the exposure gap in thefirst relative position. For example, the length of the exposure gap inthe second relative position may be less than about 49%, 48%, 47%, 46%,45%, 44%, 43%, 42%, 41%, 40%, 39%, 38%, 37%, 36%, 35%, 34%, 33%, 32%,31%, 30%, 29%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 24%, 23%, 22%, 21%, 20%, 19%, 18%,17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%,or even 0% of the length of the exposure gap in the first relativeposition. In particular, the length of the exposure gap in the secondrelative position may be from about 0% to about 50%, from about 5% toabout 45%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 15% to about 35%, orfrom about 20% to about 30% of the length of the exposure gap in thefirst relative position.

The outer processing vessel 130 may be fixed and the inner processingvessel 120 may be able to travel in and out of the outer processingvessel 130 in a longitudinal fashion. The linear substrate travelsinside both the inner processing vessel 120 and the outer processingvessel 130. An infusion chamber 102 is formed by the cavity createdbetween the inner processing vessel 120 and the outer processing vessel130. As the position of the inner processing vessel 120 is changedwithin the outer processing vessel 130, the length of the linearsubstrate exposed within the infusion chamber 102 is varied. The lengthof exposed linear substrate may vary from none (entirely unexposed) whenthe inner seal 150 substantially contacts the infeed seal 140, to amaximum length when the inner seal 150 substantially contacts thedischarge seal 170. The maximum length of exposed linear substratedesired is determined by the rate of linear substrate feed and theinfusion time required to achieve the desired infusion of the additives.The length of the outer processing vessel 130 can be selected to achievethe maximum desired length of exposed linear substrate as the length ofthe outer processing vessel 130 determines the length of exposed linearsubstrate when the inner processing vessel 120 is fully extended fromthe outer processing vessel 130 and an exposure gap is defined fromwhere the linear substrate enters into the infusion chamber (the linearsubstrate inlet 135) to where the linear substrate exits the infusionchamber (the linear substrate outlet 136).

As depicted in FIG. 6E, in some aspects, the outer wall may be aflexible wall that may be adjustable in length. The outer wall may beextended to increase the length of the exposure gap in folded orcompressed to shorten the length of the exposure gap. As shown in FIG.6E, the processing chamber 44 includes an outer processing vessel 130that includes a flexible and compressible wall. The linear substrateinlet 135 is positioned at a first end of the outer processing vessel130, and the linear substrate outlet 136 is positioned at the second endof the outer processing vessel 130, opposite the first end. The infusionfluid inlet 132 traverses the outer wall near the second end of theouter processing vessel 130 near the linear substrate outlet 136. Theinfusion fluid outlet 134 traverses the outer wall near the first end ofthe outer processing vessel 130, near the linear substrate inlet 135. Inthe aspect depicted in FIG. 6E, and infeed seal 140 is positioned at thelinear substrate inlet 135, while it discharge seal 170 is positioned atthe linear substrate outlet 136. The exposure gap is defined between thelinear substrate inlet 135 and the linear substrate outlet 136, and thelength of the exposure gap may be selected by extending or compressingthe outer wall to achieve the desired exposure gap length.

While the outer wall is depicted in FIG. 6E as being nearly entirelyflexible and compressible, it is contemplated that in some aspects, onlya portion of the outer walls flexible and/or compressible. For example acenter portion (or other portion) along the length of the outer wall maybe flexible while other portions along the length of the outer wall arerigid. Moreover it is contemplated that the outer wall may be formedfrom a flexible material, such as a plastic or rubber, such that it canbe expanded and/or contracted with or without being folded.

The infeed seal 140, the inner seal 150, and the discharge seal 170retain the infusion fluid within the infusion chamber 102 and preventflow from the ends of the outer processing vessel 130 or flow into theinner processing vessel 120. Specifically, the infeed seal 140 betweenthe outer processing vessel 130 and the linear substrate and thedischarge seal 170 between the inner processing vessel 120 and the outerprocessing vessel 130 prevent leaks of the infusion fluid from the endsof the outer processing vessel 130. Similarly, the inner seal 150between the linear substrate and the inner processing vessel 120prevents intrusion of the infusion fluid from the infusion chamber 102into the inner processing vessel 120.

In some aspects, the outer processing vessel 130 includes the infusionfluid inlet 132 and the infusion fluid outlet 134. The infusion fluidinlet 132 and the infusion fluid outlet 134 are positioned proximalopposite ends of the outer processing vessel 130 and traverse the outerwall of the outer processing vessel. In some aspects, the infusion fluidinlet 132 and the infusion fluid outlet 134 are sized and shaped forconnection with flexible or rigid piping to feed and drain the infusionfluid. In operation, the infusion fluid is fed into the infusion fluidinlet 132 and is exhausted from the processing barrel 44 through theinfusion fluid outlet 134.

The inner processing vessel 120 is moveable substantially longitudinallyinto and out of the outer processing vessel 130. The inner processingvessel 120 extends from the outer processing vessel 130 at the endproximal the infusion fluid inlet 132.

In some aspects, the inner processing vessel 120 includes a lengthadjustment assembly interlock block 122 to interface with the lengthadjustment assembly 110. The length adjustment assembly interlock block122 is positioned proximal a first end of the inner processing vessel120. The length adjustment assembly interlock block 122 includes arecess configured to mate with a complementary pin 112 on the lengthadjustment assembly 110.

In some aspects, the adjustable length infusion cell 100 includes atrack 124 to guide the length adjustment assembly interlock block 122and the inner processing vessel 120. The length adjustment assemblyinterlock block 122 includes guide pins 126 which slide along the track124 during adjustment of the length of the processing barrel 44. As theinner processing vessel 120 is extend from or retracted within the outerprocessing vessel 130, the inner processing vessel 120 is held inalignment with the outer processing vessel 130 by the guide pins 126pressing against the track 124.

In some aspects, the inner processing vessel 120 includes a centeringsleeve 162 positioned at the end of the inner processing vessel 120disposed within the outer processing vessel 130. The centering sleeve162 is affixed to the end of the inner processing vessel 120 and servesto maintain the inner processing vessel 120 centered within the innercavity of the outer processing vessel 130. In conjunction with the guidepins 126 and the track 124, the centering sleeve 162 maintains alignmentof the movable inner processing vessel 120 with the statically mountedouter processing vessel 130. If alignment were not maintained the innerprocessing vessel 120 could bind against the outer processing vessel 130during extension and/or retraction of the adjustable length infusioncell 100.

With reference to FIG. 7, the centering sleeve 162 has centeringportions 164 with an outer diameter substantially matching an innerdiameter of the outer processing vessel 130 and flow passage portions166 with an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of the outerprocessing vessel 130. The centering portions 164 of the centeringsleeve 162 with a diameter substantially matching the inner diameter ofthe outer processing vessel 130 maintain the centering sleeve 162 in thecenter of the outer processing vessel 130. The flow passage portions 166of the centering sleeve 162 with a diameter less than the inner diameterof the outer processing vessel 130 provide flow channels for passage ofthe infusion fluid between the inner processing vessel 120 (centeringsleeve 162) and the outer processing vessel 130.

In some aspects, an inner processing vessel extension 168 is affixed toan end of the centering sleeve 162. The centering sleeve 162 may be slidon from the distal end of the inner processing vessel 120 and abuttedagainst a lip on the proximal end of the inner processing vessel 120with a portion of the centering sleeve 166 extending beyond the proximalend of the inner processing vessel 120. O-rings or other seals provide aseal between the outer diameter of the inner processing vessel 120 andthe inner diameter of the centering sleeve 162. The inner processingvessel extension 168 may have a threaded engagement with the extendedportion of the centering sleeve 162. As the inner processing vesselextension 168 is threadably engaged with the centering sleeve 162, thecentering sleeve 162 is pulled tightly against the lip at the end of theinner processing vessel 120.

With reference to FIGS. 7, 8A, and 8B, an infeed seal 140 is provided onthe end of the outer processing vessel 130 proximal the infusion fluidoutlet 134. The infeed seal 140 seals the end of the outer processingvessel 130 while concurrently allowing the linear substrate to pass intothe central cavity of the outer processing vessel 130. The infeed seal140 includes a central bore sized to the linear substrate to beprocessed by the linear substrate infusion system 10. In other words,the central bore is configured to allow the linear substrate to passinot the processing barrel while substantially retaining the infusionfluid within the processin barrel. Disposed within the central bore areone or more o-rings 142 to provide a fluid tight seal between the infeedseal 140 and the linear substrate. In some aspects the infeed seal 140has 3 o-rings 142 to provide redundant sealing capacity. In some aspectsthe o-rings 142 are positioned with a single o-ring 142 at the inlet tothe infeed seal 140 and two o-rings 142 proximal the outlet or end ofthe infeed seal 140 toward the interior of the outer processing vessel130.

In some aspects, an infeed seal release adaptor 144 is affixed to theend of the outer processing vessel 130. The end of the outer processingvessel 130 includes a radial flange 212 proximal the infeed seal releaseadaptor 144. The infeed seal release adaptor 144 includes a matingradial flange 216 to the radial flange 212 of the outer processingvessel 130. The infeed seal release adaptor 144 includes an outerdiameter substantially matched to the inner diameter of the outerprocessing vessel 130. The infeed seal release adaptor 144 is slid intothe end of the outer processing vessel 130 until the mating radialflanges 212, 216 of the infeed seal release adaptor 144 and the outerprocessing vessel 130 meet. An annular clamp 146, such as a sanitaryclamp, is applied to the junction of the mating radial flanges 212, 216of the infeed seal release adaptor 144 and the outer processing vessel130 to secured the infeed seal release adaptor 144 and the outerprocessing vessel 130 together. In aspects, one or more o-rings 142 maybe positioned between the outer diameter of the infeed seal releaseadaptor 144 and the inner diameter of the outer processing vessel 130 toprovide a sealed connection. In some aspects, there are three o-rings142 spaced along the length of the infeed seal release adaptor 144.

In some aspects, the infeed seal 140 includes a quick release connectionto the infeed seal release adaptor 144. An annular groove 182 isprovided on the exterior of the infeed seal 140 and a matching annulargroove is provided on the interior of the infeed seal release adaptor144. A disconnect ring 148 is sized to fit within the grooves in theinfeed seal 140 and the infeed seal release adaptor 144. The disconnectring 148 forms an incomplete circle such that the disconnect ring 148may be compressed to form a circle of reduced diameter. When positionedin the expanded configuration, the disconnect ring 148 is disposed inthe annular groove of the infeed seal release adaptor 144 and ispartially disposed in the annular groove 182 of the infeed seal 140.Upon compression of the disconnect ring 148, the diameter is reducedsuch that the disconnect ring 148 is disposed fully in the annulargroove 182 of the infeed seal 140 and entirely out of the annular grooveof the infeed seal release adaptor 144. Thus, the infeed seal 140 may beslidably removed from the infeed seal release adaptor 144.

With reference to FIGS. 7, 9A, and 9B, an inner seal 150 is provided onthe end of the inner processing vessel extension 168. The inner seal 150seals the end of the inner processing vessel 120 while concurrentlyallowing the linear substrate to pass out of the inner processing vesselextension 168 and the central cavity of the inner processing vessel 120.The inner seal 150 includes a central bore sized to the linear substrateto be processed by the linear substrate infusion system 10. In otherwords, the central bore is configured to allow the linear substrate topass out of the processing barrel while substantially retaining theinfusion fluid within the processing barrel. Disposed within the centralbore are one or more o-rings 142 to provide a fluid tight seal betweenthe inner seal 150 and the linear substrate. In some aspects the innerseal 150 has 3 o-rings 142 to provide redundant sealing capacity. Insome aspects the o-rings 142 are positioned with a single o-ring 142 atthe inlet to the inner seal 150 and two o-rings 142 proximal the outletor end of the inner seal 150 toward the interior of the inner processingvessel 120 and the inner processing vessel extension 168.

In some aspects, the inner seal 150 is slid into the inner diameter ofthe inner processing vessel extension 168. The inner seal 150 isconfigured for quick release from the inner processing vessel extension168. An inner seal disconnect ring 152 allows the inner seal 150 to bequickly removed from the inner processing vessel extension 168.

In some aspects, the end of the infeed seal 140 internal to the outerprocessing vessel 130 includes an inwardly tapered surface 184. The endof the inner seal 150 external to the inner processing vessel 120includes an outwardly tapered surface 186 substantially complementary tothe inwardly tapered surface 184 of the infeed seal 140. A groove ispositioned on the outwardly tapered surface 186 of the inner seal 150for housing an o-ring 142. When the adjustable length infusion cell 100is in the most retracted configuration the inwardly tapered surface 184of the infeed seal 140 and the outwardly tapered surface 186 of theinner seal 150 meet and the o-ring 142 provides a seal between theinfeed seal 140 and the inner seal 150. In this configuration the linearsubstrate may be passed through the adjustable length infusion cell 100without being exposed to the infusion fluid.

With reference to FIG. 10, a discharge seal 170 is provided to form asubstantially fluid tight connection between the outer processing vessel130 and the inner processing vessel 120. The discharge seal 170 has anouter diameter substantially matching the inner diameter of the outerprocessing vessel 130. The discharge seal 170 is slid into the end ofthe outer processing vessel 130 proximal the infusion fluid inlet 132.

The discharge seal 170 includes a central bore sized to the outerdiameter of the inner processing vessel 120. In other words, thedischarge seal 170 has a central bore that is configured to allowportions of the inner processing vessel 120 to slideably pass into andout of the outer processing vessel. Disposed within the central bore isone or more o-rings 142 to provide a fluid tight seal between the innerprocessing vessel 120 and the discharge seal 170. In some aspects thedischarge seal 170 has 3 o-rings 142 to provide redundant sealingcapacity. In some aspects the o-rings 142 are positioned with a singleo-ring 142 at the inlet or end of the discharge seal 170 toward theinterior of the outer processing vessel 130 and two o-rings 142 proximalthe outlet or end of the discharge seal 170 toward the exterior of theouter processing vessel 130.

In some aspects, an end of the outer processing vessel 130 includes aradial flange 214 proximal the discharge seal 170. The discharge seal170 includes a mating radial flange 218 to the radial flange 214 of theouter processing vessel 130. The discharge seal 170 is slid into the endof the outer processing vessel 130 until the mating radial flanges 214,218 of the discharge seal 170 and the outer processing vessel 130 meet.An annular clamp 146, such as a sanitary clamp, is applied to thejunction of the mating radial flanges 214, 218 of the discharge seal 170and the outer processing vessel 130 to secure the discharge seal 170 andthe outer processing vessel 130 together. In aspects, one or moreo-rings 142 may be positioned between the outer diameter of thedischarge seal 170 and the inner diameter of the outer processing vessel130 to provide a sealed connection. In some aspects, there are threeo-rings 142 spaced along the length of the discharge seal 170.

The linear substrate for processing may be changed in the adjustablelength infusion cell 100 in a quick change over operation. The infeedseal 140 and the inner seal 150, as indicated supra, are removable fromthe infeed seal release adaptor 144 and the inner processing vesselextension 168 respectively. To change the configuration of theadjustable length infusion cell 100 for a new linear substrate, theinfeed seal 140 and the inner seal 150 are replaced with an infeed seal140 and an inner seal 150 with central bores of a diameter configuredand matched to the diameter of the new linear substrate to be processed.The quick release nature of the infeed seal 140 and the inner seal 150allows the replacement of the infeed seal 140 and the inner seal 150 tooccur in an expeditious fashion. To make the swap of the infeed seal 140and the inner seal 150, flow of the infusion fluid is terminated to theadjustable length infusion cell 100 and any remaining length of theoriginal linear substrate is removed. The infeed seal 140 and the innerseal 150 are removed and the new linear substrate is fed through thereplacement infeed seal 140. The linear substrate is further advancedand fed through the replacement inner seal 150. The replacement innerseal 150 is attached to the inner processing vessel extension 168 andthe replacement infeed seal 140 is attached to the infeed seal releaseadaptor 144. The linear substrate is then further advanced though theinner processing vessel 120 for connection to post-processing systems.The flow of the infusion fluid may then be reinitiated and processing ofthe new linear substrate may proceed. It will be appreciated that thelinear substrate may also be feed through the infeed seal 140 and theinner seal 150 prior to attachment to the infeed seal release adaptor144 and the inner processing vessel extension 168 respectively.

Referring to FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C, the length adjustment assembly 110is configured to adjust the length of the processing barrel 44. Thelength adjustment assembly 110 includes the inner processing vesselengagement pin 112 mentioned above, an adjustment rod 114, a positioningtrolley 116, and an adjustment motor 118. The inner processing vesselengagement pin 112 is configured to engage with the length adjustmentassembly interlock block 122 attached to the inner processing vessel120. The engagement between the inner processing vessel engagement pin112 and the length adjustment assembly interlock block 122 results inthe inner processing vessel 120 moving in tandem with movement of theinner processing vessel engagement pin 112 and positioning trolley 116.The inner processing vessel engagement pin 112 is connected to thepositioning trolley 116 by a series of rollers. The connection betweenthe inner processing vessel engagement pin 112 and the positioningtrolley 116 allows the inner processing vessel engagement pin 112 tofreely travel along a single axis perpendicular to the axis of travel ofthe positioning trolley 116.

In some aspects, the adjustment motor 118 rotates the adjustment rod 114which causes the positioning trolley 116 to travel along the length ofthe adjustment rod 114. In some aspects, the adjustment motor is a servomotor. In some aspects, the adjustment rod 114 is threaded and thepositioning trolley 116 is attached to the adjustment rod 114 withcomplementary threads such that rotation of the adjustment rod 114results in travel of the positioning trolley 116 along the adjustmentrod. The connection of the inner processing vessel engagement pin 112 tothe positioning trolley 116 allows a controller to command theadjustment motor 118 to operate and adjust the length of the processingbarrel 44 by moving the inner processing vessel 120 in or out of theouter processing vessel 130.

Movement of the inner processing vessel 120 in or out of the outerprocessing vessel 130 adjusts the exposure of the linear substrate tothe infusion fluid by adjusting the length between the infeed seal 140and the inner seal 150. As the inner processing vessel 120 is removedfrom the outer processing vessel 130, the gap between the infeed seal140 and the inner seal 150 expands. The linear substrate is only exposedto the infusion fluid when traversing the distance between the infeedseal 140 and the inner seal 150. The infusion fluid enters the infusionfluid inlet 132, travels in the gap formed by the space between theouter diameter of the inner processing vessel 120 and the inner diameterof the outer processing vessel 130, through the flow passage portions166 of the centering sleeve 162, and finally out the infusion fluidoutlet 134.

Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C, the linear substrate infusion system10 may include a plurality of valves to control the flow of the firstcolored dye solution from the first process tank 22, the second coloreddye solution from the second process tank 32, and the flow of solventfrom the clean solvent tank 56 to the infusion compartment 40 as well asaway from the infusion compartment 40 to their respective reservoirs(the first process tank 22, the second process tank 32, and the solventrecovery tank 52). Specifically, a first colored dye inlet valve 60controls flow of the first colored dye solution from the first processtank 22 to the infusion compartment 40 and a first colored dye outletvalve 62 controls flow of the first colored dye solution from theinfusion compartment 40 back to the first process tank 22. Similarly, asecond colored dye inlet valve 70 controls flow of the second coloreddye solution from the second process tank 32 to the infusion compartment40 and a second colored dye outlet valve 72 controls flow of the secondcolored dye solution from the infusion compartment 40 back to the secondprocess tank 32. Finally, a solvent inlet valve 80 controls flow of theclean solvent from the clean solvent tank 56 to the infusion compartment40 and a solvent outlet valve 82 controls flow of the spent solvent fromthe infusion compartment 40 to the solvent recovery tank 52. Accordingto at least one aspect, one or more of the first colored dye inlet valve60, the first colored dye outlet valve 62, the second colored dye inletvalve 70, the second colored dye outlet valve 72, the solvent inletvalve 80, and the solvent outlet valve 82 is a stainless steel ballvalve, for example 316 stainless steel. Further, each of the firstcolored dye inlet valve 60, the first colored dye outlet valve 62, thesecond colored dye inlet valve 70, the second colored dye outlet valve72, the solvent inlet valve 80, and the solvent outlet valve 82 may bemanually or pneumatically actuated in various aspects.

In some aspects each dye supply 20, 30 is connected to each process tank22, 32. For example, each dye supply 20, 30 may comprise one of 5 colors(red, yellow, blue, orange, and violet) which may be combined in varyingratios to create a multitude of colors in the process tanks 22, 32. Asingle array of dye supplies 20, 30 with each dye supply 20, 30comprising a single color dye reduces manufacturing and supply costs byallowing the single array of dye supplies 20, 30 to charge and refresheach of the process tanks 22, 32 during operation.

In operation, the linear substrate infusion system 10 allows runningchanges to the color of dye infused into the linear substrate. FIG. 3Aillustrates the linear substrate infusion system 10 and associatedvalves positioned for application of the first colored dye to the wirein the infusion compartment 40. Specifically, the first colored dyeinlet valve 60 and the first colored dye outlet valve 62 are in an openposition whereas the second colored dye inlet valve 70, the secondcolored dye outlet valve 72, the solvent inlet valve 80, and the solventoutlet valve 82 are in all a closed position. In the configuration forapplication of the first colored dye to the wire in the infusioncompartment 40 the first colored dye is provided to the infusioncompartment 40 and returned to the first process tank 22. Within theinfusion compartment 40 the first colored dye is infused into the linearsubstrate.

During application of the first colored dye to the linear substrate, theheating loop for the second process tank 32 is activated to raise thetemperature of the second colored dye to the desired temperature setpoint for infusion in the wire. The heating loop is activated in advanceof the change from the first colored dye to the second colored dye toprovide an opportunity to fully heat the second colored dye and negatethe need to cease operation of the linear substrate infusion system 10during the color conversion.

To initiate a change from the first colored dye to the second coloreddye the infusion compartment 40 is flushed with solvent to removeresidual of the first colored dye. FIG. 3B illustrates the linearsubstrate infusion system 10 and associated valves positioned forflushing the infusion compartment 40. Specifically, the first coloreddye inlet valve 60 is closed while the first colored dye outlet valve 62remains open. Concurrently, the solvent inlet valve 80 is opened toinitiate flow of the solvent. The solvent acts to flush the infusioncompartment 40 of the residual first colored dye. After a timed period,calculated to substantially flush all the residual first colored dyefrom the infusion compartment 40, the first colored dye outlet valve 62is closed and the solvent outlet valve 82 is opened. This configurationprovides a solvent loop to flush the infusion compartment 40 of anyresidual first colored dye. By adjusting the first colored dye outletvalve 62 and the solvent outlet valve 82 after the timed periodsubstantially all the residual first colored dye is returned to thefirst process tank 22 and a minimal amount is flushed out with thesolvent into the solvent recovery tank 52. It is desirable to minimizeflow of colored dye into the solvent recovery tank 52 because the filtersystem 54 must remove any colored dye which is collected by the solvent.It will be appreciated that the time and/or volume of solvent requiredfor the flush will vary based on the process implementation and volumeof the infusion compartment 40 and associated piping and valves as wellas the flow rate of the solvent.

FIG. 3C illustrates the linear substrate infusion system 10 andassociated valves positioned for application of the second colored dyeto the wire in the infusion compartment 40. Upon sufficient flushing ofthe infusion compartment 40 with the solvent, the solvent inlet valve 80is closed while the solvent outlet valve 82 remains open. Concurrently,the second colored dye inlet valve 70 is opened to initiate flow of thesecond colored dye from the second process tank 32. The second coloreddye acts to flush the infusion compartment 40 of the residual solventand fully fill the infusion compartment 40 with the second colored dye.After a timed period, calculated to flush all the residual solvent fromthe infusion compartment 40, the solvent outlet valve 82 is closed andthe second colored dye outlet valve 72 is opened. By adjusting thesolvent outlet valve 82 and the second colored dye outlet valve 72 afterthe timed period, all the residual solvent is returned to the solventrecovery tank 52 with only a minimal amount flushed out with the solventinto the solvent recovery tank 52.

In further aspects, the second colored dye is utilized to flush thefirst colored dye and an intermediary solvent is omitted. To initiate achange from the first colored dye to the second colored dye, the firstcolored dye inlet valve 60 is closed while the first colored dye outletvalve 62 remains open. Concurrently, the second colored dye inlet valve70 is opened to initiate flow of the second colored dye. The secondcolored dye acts to flush the infusion compartment 40 of the residualfirst colored dye. After a timed period, calculated to substantiallyflush all the residual first colored dye from the infusion compartment40, the first colored dye outlet valve 62 is closed and a drain valve isopened to avoid cross contamination of the first colored dye into thesecond colored dye. Subsequently the drain valve is closed while thesecond colored dye outlet valve 72 is concurrently opened. By adjustingthe first colored dye outlet valve 62, the drain valve, and the secondcolored dye outlet valve 72 after the timed period substantially all theresidual first colored dye is returned to the first process tank 22 anda minimal amount of the first colored dye and the second colored dye isflushed out through the drain valve. In further aspects, the drain valveis omitted and the opening of the second colored dye outlet valve 72 andthe first colored dye outlet valve 62 are timed to minimize transfer ofthe first colored dye and the second colored dye between the firstcolored dye process tank 22 and the second colored dye process tank 32.

FIG. 12 illustrates additional aspects that are optionally included inthe infusion system substantially as illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C. thelines to and from a process tank 22 are optionally pressurized.Pressurizing some or all of the supply lines delivering concentrate to aprocess tank was found to improve delivery of additional dye to theprocess tank or intermixing of additive with the other components of aninfusion fluid housed within the process tank. A pressurized system alsoallows for nearly instant injection of needed additive to the processtank upon demand. In some aspects, the supply lines are pressurized to alevel in excess of 5 pounds per square inch (psi), optionally in excessof 10 psi, optionally in excess of 15 psi, optionally in excess of 20psi, optionally in excess of 25 psi. In some aspects the lines arepressurized to 5 to 30 psi or any value or range therebetween. In otheraspects, the supply lines are pressured to 5 psi or less.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, the process tank 22 is fluidically connectedto an additive concentrate pot 310 that houses a concentrated solution,slurry, or other of additive (additive concentrate). Supply lines allowtransfer of the additive concentrate to the color pot 22 in an on demandfashion. For example, should the system indicate that one additive (e.g.one dye in a multidye infusion fluid) has been depleted, a concentratevalve 312 may be opened to deliver additional additive concentrate in adesired amount to replenish the infusion fluid delivered to remainder ofthe system. The concentrate valve 312 is fluidically connected to aspray nozzle (or other delivery device) that injects or otherwise addsadditional concentrate additive to the process tank upon demand of theconcentrate valve 312. The concentrate pot 310 is optionally alsofluidically connected to a pump 322 that may cycle the additiveconcentrate and return any excess concentrate not delivered to theprocess tank 22. It is appreciated that a single process tank 22 may beconnected to one or a plurality of concentrate pots each housing one ormore particular additive concentrates. For example, a single processtank may be fluidically connected to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more concentratepots fluidically connected to the process tank 22 by individual valvingand optionally spray nozzles. In this way, should one or more of theadditive concentrates (e.g. dye) be depleted from the infusion fluid ata higher rate than another, the infusion fluid may be individuallyadjusted by addition of only the additives that are depleted.Differential depletion rates of various additives can be accounted forto maintain constant additive levels in the infusion fluid beingcontacted with the linear substrate.

The adjustable length infusion cell 100 provides a capability to changethe infusion fluid contacting the linear substrate with no or minimalscrap linear substrate generated. Changing the infusion fluid allows forcolor changes, addition or subtraction of an anti-weathering agent,addition of subtraction of a flame retardant, or the addition orsubtraction of another additive. During an infusion fluid change, theinner processing vessel 120 is fully inserted into the outer processingvessel 130. When the inner processing vessel 120 is fully inserted intothe outer processing vessel 130, the infeed seal 140 and the inner seal150 abut and form a joint seal protecting the complete length of thelinear substrate in the infusion chamber 102. The linear substrate isprotected both from infusion and from heating (if desired) due to thetemperature of the infusion fluid because the entire length of linearsubstrate is protected by the seals and the inner processing vessel 120.While advancement of the linear substrate is stopped in a protectedconfiguration, the infusion fluid in the infusion chamber 102 may bechanged.

Once the new infusion fluid is flowing to the adjustable length infusioncell 100 and at the desired temperature, the advancement of the linearsubstrate may be initiated. As the linear substrate begins speeding upthe inner processing vessel 120 is retracted from the outer processingvessel 130 with the length adjustment assembly 110. The rate ofretraction of the inner processing vessel 120 may be determined based onthe acceleration of the linear substrate or by a controller based onreal-time measurements of infusion (color measurements of linearsubstrate exiting the adjustable length infusion cell 100). Retractingthe inner processing vessel 120 exposes an increased length of linearsubstrate to the infusion fluid, due to the increasing separation of theinner seal 150 from the infeed seal 140, to maintain a constant infusiontime as the rate of travel of the linear substrate increases.

At the end of a linear substrate run for a given infusion fluid theinner processing vessel 120 is inserted back into the outer processingvessel 130 as the rate of travel of the linear substrate is decreased.Insertion continues until the inner processing vessel 120 is fullyinserted into the outer processing vessel 130, the inner seal 150 abutsand forms a joint seal with the infeed seal 140, and the advancement ofthe linear substrate is stopped.

The linear substrate infusion system 10 can be provided with variouscontrols. For example, an interface for operating the system can beprovided. The interface may comprise a graphical user interface (GUI) toallow an operator to monitor and/or adjust process parameters. Invarious aspects the GUI pay provide one or more of a) colored dyetemperature in the process tank 22, 32, b) colored dye temperature ininfusion compartment 40, c) solvent flow rate, d) position of valves, e)linear substrate feed speed, f) control pump on/off, g) fluid level inprocess tanks 22, 32, h) fluid level in solvent recovery tank 52, i)fluid level in clean solvent tank 56, j) fluid level in process tanks22, 32, k) fluid temperature in the solvent recovery tank 52, 1)temperature setting of process tanks 22, 32 (thermocouple), m) linearsubstrate footage counter, and n) dye supply 20, 30 level indication.

One or more sensors may be included in the system. A sensor may be usedto monitor various aspects of system operation illustratively pressure,linear substrate speed, temperature, among others.

In some aspects, during operation of the linear substrate infusionsystem 10, the infusion compartment 40 is maintained at approximatelyatmospheric pressure (1 atm). In further aspects, the pressure in theinfusion compartment 40 is maintained below 3 atm. In yet furtheraspects the pressure in the infusion compartment is maintained between0.1 atm and 3 atm, 0.5 atm and 2 atm, 0.8 atm and 1.5 atm, 0.8 atm and 1atm, or any range of values therebetween. It has been determined thatcertain combinations of infusion fluid formulations and linear substratematerials are not substantially effected by the pressure in the infusioncompartment 40. As such, it is envisioned that the pressure in theinfusion compartment 40 need not be raised above 1 atm for effectiveinfusion of the linear substrate.

The counterflow arrangement of the linear substrate infusion system 10and more specifically the counterflow of the linear substrate and theinfusion fluid in the infusion compartment 40 provides improved infusioncharacteristics. Without being limited to one particular theory, it isbelieved that the counterflow arrangement creates turbulence in theinfusion fluid. Turbulence in the infusion fluid is believed toconsistently expose the linear substrate to fresh infusion fluid withmaximum concentration of additives. Additionally, the counterflowarrangement also exposes the linear substrate to infusion fluid withincreasing concentration of additives during passage through theinfusion compartment 40. Specifically, the linear substrate entering theinfusion compartment 40 is in contact with the infusion fluid exitingthe infusion compartment and the linear substrate just prior to exitingthe infusion compartment 40 is exposed to fresh infusion fluid firstentering the infusion compartment 40.

In some aspects, an infusion system includes devices suitable to monitorand/or control the infusion process. Such devices may be used tooptically or otherwise monitor the resulting infused color parameters onwhatever color scale is desired. The infusion of additive material intothe linear substrate being processed may be impacted by the contact timebetween the linear substrate and the additive (“infusion time”), theinfusion fluid temperature, and the dye concentration in the infusionfluid. A control system may adjust these parameters to obtain thedesired final infusion levels or parameters. For example, as theinfusion time affects the level of infusion, the infusion time may beadjusted by controlling the speed of the linear substrate through theinfusion compartment 40. The composition of additive materials withinthe infusion fluid also affects the resultant depth, amount of additivepenetration, or other.

In some aspects, the linear substrate infusion system 10 includes acolor analysis camera. The color analysis camera records the color ofthe linear substrate exiting the infusion compartment 40. The coloranalysis camera may record the color of the linear substrate using anycolor scale, for example, RGB, CMYK, or L*a*b* (1976 CIE L*a*b* Space).As the linear substrate exits the infusion compartment 40, the color ofthe linear substrate is measured by the color analysis camera andcompared to the desired color parameters. A controller analyzes thedifference between the measured color value and the target color valueand implements adjustments to the formulation of the infusion fluid tocorrect the resulting color of future processed linear substrate. Forexample, if the resulting color of the linear substrate lacks yellow thecontroller (automatic or manual) may instruct the dye supply 20, 30 toprovide an additional bolus of yellow dye into the process tank 22, 32to replenish the yellow dye supply and correct the color balance of theprocesses linear substrate.

The L*a*b* standard represents perceived color in a 3-dimensional space.The central vertical axis represents lightness (signified as L*) whosevalues run from 0 (black) to 100 (white). The color axes are based onthe fact that a color can't be both red and green, or both blue andyellow, because these colors oppose each other. On each axis the valuesrun from positive to negative. On the a* axis, positive values indicateamounts of red while negative values indicate amounts of green. On theb* axis, yellow is positive and blue is negative. For both axes, zero isneutral gray.

Determination of how the final color of the linear substrate is affectedby each of the colored dyes may be achieved through a series ofexperimental runs with each colored dye adjusted and the resulting colorchange recorded. It was determined that yellow depletion outpaces reddepletion which outpaces blue depletion when infusing an amide polymer.This was determined by coloring a series of linear substrate and notreplenishing the dyes during the processing runs. The resulting colorbalance of the last portion of linear substrate compared to the firstportion or linear substrate illustrates the shift in resulting colorfrom depletion of dyes during linear substrate processing. Table 1,provided infra, provides the initial and final L*a*b* values as well asthe resulting ΔE from the color change. The color balance for theexperimental runs were 50% of the blue component, 42% of the redcomponent, and 8% of the yellow component to achieve a target greycolor. It is noted that the data was obtained from runs of cableoriginating from different spools with each spool of cable havingdifferent background L values. As the dyes are transparent, thedifference in background L value for each spool of cable results in aneffect on the initial L value, final L value, and the ΔE. To account forthe difference in the L values of the stock cable, in some aspects, theL component is eliminated in color analysis from color analysis cameraand only the a* and b* components are adjusted to achieve color matchand/or correction.

Feet L value L value A value A value B value B value Processed priorafter prior after prior after ΔE 1560 93.8 91.6 −19.3 −18.6 17 16.1 2.482300 92.9 92.3 −19.1 −18.9 14.4 13.9 0.81 816 93.1 89.4 −19.7 −19.6 15.915.4 3.74 1880 90.6 90.8 −19.1 −18.9 14.6 13.9 0.76

In one experimental series, test cable with a target L*a*b colorparameter of L*=93.7, a*=−20.7, and b*=15.6 was processed. To determinehow the addition of yellow dye to the infusion fluid affects theultimate color of the processed cable the infusion fluid was initiallystarted with a known incorrect color balance. A series of 10 boluses of1 gram (g) of yellow dye was added to the infusion fluid and theresulting L*a*b* color values of the resulting processed cable wasrecorded. Table 2, provided infra, provides the resulting L*a*b* colorvalues after each addition of a yellow dye bolus.

Yellow added A value B value A value B value Run (g) before before afterafter length 1 y −19.3 10.3 −19.3 10.8   0 feet 1 y −19.3 10.8 −19.411.3 — 1 y −19.4 11.3 −19.5 11.6 — 1 y −19.5 11.6 −19.6 12.1 — 1 y −19.612.1 −19.8 12.6 — 1 y −19.8 12.6 −19.9 13.1 — 1 y −19.9 13.1 −20.1 13.6— 1 y −20.1 13.6 −20.2 14.1 — 1 y −20.2 14.1 −20.2 14.4 — 1 y −20.2 14.4−20.3 15.1 1200 feet

The process of coloring a linear substrate, such as a polymer or amidecoated conductive cable or wire, in a post-production process will nowbe described in relation to FIG. 1 and the schematics of FIGS. 3A-3C.The linear substrate can be supplied on a payoff reel and advanced intothe linear substrate infusion system 10. The linear substrate may alsobe provided as a direct output of the linear substrate manufacturingprocess optionally as downstream from an extruder. Introduction of thelinear substrate into the linear substrate infusion system 10 can be setat a predetermined speed, which depends on the desired residence timefor the linear substrate to be in contact with the colored dye. In oneexample, the speed of the linear substrate can be set at 50 ft/min to400 ft/min.

The linear substrate is passed through the infusion compartment 40containing the colored dye to infuse the colored dye into the linearsubstrate. The linear substrate is maintained in the infusioncompartment 40 for a predetermined infusion time to ensure that thecolored dye is properly infused into the linear substrate. In oneexample, the infusion time can range from a fraction of a second to manyseconds. For example, the infusion time may be between 2 and 6 seconds.

As shown in 3A-3C, the first process tank 22 and the second process tank32 are heated to raise the temperature of the first colored dye andsecond colored dye respectively. In one example, the infusion fluid isheated to a temperature of 80° C. to 99.9° C. In another example, theinfusion fluid can be heated to 90° C.-99.9° C. The infusion fluid isheated as close as possible to the boiling temperature of water at 100°C. (at 1 atm). In one specific example, the infusion fluid is heated toapproximately 99° C. The colored dye is dissolved in the infusion fluid.Further, heating the infusion fluid increases the solubility of the dyewithin the infusion fluid and thereby increases the ability for the dyeparticles to be infused into the linear substrate jacket from theinfusion fluid.

The first dye pump 24 and second dye pump 34 respectively pump the firstcolored dye from the first process tank 22 and the second colored dyefrom the second process tank 32 to the infusion compartment 40 and backto the first process tank 22 or second process tank 32. The passage ofthe first colored dye or the second colored dye through the infusioncompartment 40 contacts the colored dyes with the linear substrate andresults in the dyeing of the linear substrate. It is also contemplatedthat the first process tank 22 and the second process tank 32 areconnected to the first dye supply 20 and the second dye supply 30respectively, which are configured to add additional colored dye asneeded to the first and second process tanks 22, 32. However, othermethods of colored dye addition are also contemplated. Additionalcolored dye is added to the first and second process tanks 22, 32 fromthe first dye supply 20 and the second dye supply 30 to account for dyedepletion during coloring operations. As linear substrate is processedthe colored dyes in the infusion fluid are transferred from the infusionfluid and into the linear substrate. Thus, there is a resulting drop inthe concentration of colored dyes (and other additives) in the infusionfluid. Colored dyes are replenished into the infusion fluid in theprocessing tanks 22, 32 to account for the transfer of colored dyes fromthe infusion fluid to the linear substrate.

Upon exiting the infusion compartment 40, the linear substrate can thenbe transferred to one or more rinsing stations 190 where water or otherrinse agent is contacted to the infused linear substrate to remove anyexcess additive. In some aspects, a linear substrate is transferred toone or more air wipes 90, where air is blown onto the linear substrateto remove any excess colored dye and to generally cool and dry thelinear substrate. It is appreciated that the process and system do notrequire an air wipe which in some aspects is specifically excluded.

An infused linear substrate produced in accordance with this disclosuremay include one or more structural layers, optionally with only theouter layer or portion thereof infused with an additive. The outer layermay include an infused layer extending only partially through thethickness of the outer layer or may be fully infused through theentirety of the outer layer depending on the outer layer thickness andin accordance with aspects of this disclosure.

In some aspects, the use of infused dye as an exemplary additive asprovided herein can impart color with sufficient transparency to allowfor marking present on the linear substrate prior to the infusionprocess to be viewed through the infused dye thereby not obscuring themarkings. In some aspects, marking or additional marking is impartedonto the linear substrate following the infusion process to addinformation, decoration, or other. Optionally, laser marking is used tosubstantially bleach the infused colorant where the laser contacts thesubstrate forming clean, well identified marking which is possible dueonly to the color being infused into the surface of the linearsubstrate. As such, a process and apparatus optionally include elementsfor inscribing marking onto the surface of an infused linear substrate.

The type of laser used will depend on the additive used to impart coloror other physical or chemical characteristic to the linear substrate.For example, a laser may be matched to the additive infused into thelinear substrate such that the wavelength of the laser will react withthe additive to change an optical characteristic of the additive therebycreating a marking on the linear substrate. Examples of useful lasersare a CO₂ laser or a or a Nd:YAG laser (Neodymium:Yttrium AluminumGarnet, the garnet crystal being composed of the elements yttrium,aluminum and oxygen). Such lasers are commercially available.

Marking by a laser may be imparted into an infused linear substrate byirradiating the substrate at an appropriate wavelength for a timesufficient to impart marking to the surface of the linear substrate andin the desired configuration. Wavelengths may be in in the UV, visible,or infrared region of the spectrum.

It is noted that the terms “substantially” and “about” may be utilizedherein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may beattributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or otherrepresentation. These terms are also utilized herein to represent thedegree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a statedreference without resulting in a change in the basic function of thesubject matter at issue.

The present invention is disclosed above and in the accompanyingdrawings with reference to a variety of examples. The purpose served bythe disclosure, however, is to provide examples of the various featuresand concepts related to the invention, not to limit the scope of theinvention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that numerousvariations and modifications may be made to the examples described abovewithout departing from the scope of the present invention.

While particular aspects have been illustrated and described herein, itshould be understood that various other changes and modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the describedsubject matter. Moreover, although various aspects have been describedherein, such aspects need not be utilized in combination.

It is to be understood that the presently disclosed inventive conceptsare not limited in application to the details of construction and/or thearrangement of the components set forth in the previous description orillustrated in the drawings. The presently disclosed inventive conceptsare capable of other aspects, or of being practiced or carried out invarious ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology andterminology employed herein is for purpose of description and should notbe regarded as limiting.

Patents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicativeof the levels of those skilled in the art to which the inventionpertains. These patents and publications are incorporated herein byreference to the same extent as if each individual application orpublication was specifically and individually incorporated herein byreference.

1.-20. (canceled)
 21. A method for modifying an aspect of a linearsubstrate within a device filled with a modifying fluid, the methodcomprising: providing the device filled with the modifying fluid;receiving the linear substrate at a feed speed; traversing the linearsubstrate through the device at a given speed, wherein when traversingthrough the device, the linear substrate is in a fluid communicationwith the modifying fluid; defining an exposure length of the linearsubstrate as a length of the linear substrate that is in the fluidcommunication with the modifying fluid in the device; and adjusting theexposure length of the linear substrate based on the feed speed and anexposure time.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein adjusting theexposure length of the linear substrate based on the feed speed and theexposure time comprises increasing the exposure length with an increasein the feed speed.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein adjusting theexposure length of the linear substrate based on the feed speed and theexposure time comprises decreasing the exposure length with a decreasein the feed speed.
 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the exposure timeis determined based on a type of the modifying fluid.
 25. The method ofclaim 21, wherein the exposure time is determined based on a type of thelinear substrate.
 26. The method of claim 21, further comprisingmaintaining a constant exposure time for the linear substrate with themodifying fluid.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein maintaining theconstant exposure time for the linear substrate with the modifying fluidcomprises maintaining a constant color depth in an exterior polymermaterial of the linear substrate.
 28. The method of claim 21, furthercomprising modifying an aspect of the linear substrate.
 29. The methodof claim 28, wherein the aspect is color.
 30. A method for modifying anaspect of a linear substrate extended through a device filled with amodifying fluid, the method comprising: providing a device filled with amodifying fluid; extending a linear substrate through the device;defining an exposure length of the linear substrate within the device,the exposure length comprising a length of the linear substrate that isin the fluid communication with the modifying fluid in the device;traversing the linear substrate in the device; maintaining a constantexposure time for the linear substrate with the modifying fluid whiletraversing.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein an aspect of an exteriorpolymer material or a polymer type material of the linear substrate ismodified.
 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the aspect comprisescolor.
 33. The method of claim 30, wherein maintaining the constantexposure time for the linear substrate with the modifying fluid whiletraversing comprises adjusting the exposure length of the linearsubstrate.
 34. The method of claim 30, wherein maintaining the constantexposure time for the linear substrate with the modifying fluid whiletraversing comprises increasing the exposure length of the linearsubstrate.
 35. The method of claim 30, wherein maintaining the constantexposure time for the linear substrate with the modifying fluid whiletraversing comprises decreasing the exposure length of the linearsubstrate.
 36. A system for modifying an aspect of a linear substratewith a modifying fluid, the system comprising: a device filled with themodifying fluid; and a substrate delivery mechanism to: receive thelinear substrate at a feed speed, provide the linear substrate to thedevice, wherein the linear substrate traverses through the device at agiven speed, and wherein when traversing through the device, the linearsubstrate is in a fluid communication with the modifying fluid, whereinan exposure length of the linear substrate is defined as a length of thelinear substrate that is in the fluid communication with the modifyingfluid in the device, and wherein the exposure length of the linearsubstrate is adjusted based on the feed speed to maintain a constantexposure time.
 37. The system of claim 36, wherein the aspect of anexterior polymer material or polymer type material of the linearsubstrate is modified.
 38. The system of claim 36, wherein the aspectcomprises color.
 39. The system of claim 36, wherein the exposure lengthof the linear substrate is adjusted to maintain the constant exposuretime.
 40. The system of claim 36, wherein the constant exposure time isdetermined based on a type of the modifying fluid.